6.18 Access to public amenities

)))|(% style="width:730px" %)Share of population with access to at least one type of public amenity (social welfare points, social meeting centres, restrooms, information displays, public telephones, rain shelters, drinking fountains, etc.) within 500m ~(% of people) using earth observation and remote sensing methods. By incorporating these features into NBS schemes it may be possible to increase accessibility and reduce transport distances and vehicle use.

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====== **Scale as linked to D2.2 framework** ======

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* City

* Neighborhood

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====== **Data source [ link to data framework]** ======

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* To be determined

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====== **Data needs** ======

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* Data input types will depend on selected methods, for further details see applied or earth observation/remote sensing metrics reviews in: Connecting Nature Indicator Metrics Reviews Env48_Applied and Env48_RS

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====== **Expected Outputs** ======

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*

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====== **Calculation methods** ======

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* A variety of methods exist from applied/public participation techniques through to earth observation/remote sensing approaches. For further details on measurement tools and metrics, including those adopted by past and current EU research and innovation projects can be found in: Connecting Nature Indicator Metrics Reviews Env48_Applied and Env48_RS

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====== **Links and references** ======

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* Applied methods:

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* Burton, E. (2002) Measuring urban compactness in UK towns and cities. Environment and planning B: Planning and Design, 29(2), 219-250.

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* Hewko, J. (2001) Spatial equity in the urban environment: assessing neighbourhood accessibility to public amenities. Masters Thesis: University of Alberta.

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* Macdonald, L., Kearns, A. and Ellaway, A., 2013. Do residents’ perceptions of being well-placed and objective presence of local amenities match? A case study in West Central Scotland, UK. BMC public health, 13(1): 454.

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* Smoyer‐Tomic, K.E., Hewko, J.N. and Hodgson, M.J. (2004) Spatial accessibility and equity of playgrounds in Edmonton, Canada. Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 48(3): 287- 302.

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* Earth observation/Remote sensing methods:

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* Ahmed, M.W. (2007) Combining GIS-Based Spatial Analysis and Optimization Techniques to Generate Optimum Facility Location. GIS/RS Consultant eMapDivision/ISSD/Aramco, Cairo.

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* Borana SL, Yadav SK (2017) International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, 7 (11), 57-63

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* Duncan DT, Aldstadt J, Whalen J, White K, Castro MC, Williams DR. (2012) Space, race, and poverty: Spatial inequalities in walkable neighborhood amenities? Demographic Research, 26(17):409–448. 10.4054/DemRes.2012.26.17

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* Jensen R, Gatrell J, Boulton J, Harper B. (2004) Using remote sensing and geographic information systems to study urban quality of life and urban amenities. Ecology and Society. 9(5):5–15. 10.5751/ES-01201-090505

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* Johnson, C. Y., Bowker, J. M., & Cordell, H. K. (2004). Ethnic variation in environmental belief and behavior: An examination of the new ecological paradigm in a social psychological context. Environment and Behavior 36(2), 157- 186. doi:10.1177/0013916503251478

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* Joseph, M., Wang, L. & Wang, F.H. (2012) Using Landsat Imagery and Census Data for Urban Population Density Modeling in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. GI Science & Remote Sensing, 49:2, 228-250.

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* Macdonald, J., Franco, S. (2016) Tree canopies, urban green amenities and the residential real estate market: Remote sensing and spatial hedonic applications to Lisbon, Portugal, 56th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Cities & Regions: Smart, Sustainable, Inclusive?", 23-26 August 2016, Vienna, Austria, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve

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* Manonmani R., Prabaharan S., R. Vidhya & M. Ramalingam (2012) Application of GIS in urban utility mapping using image processing techniques. Geo-spatial Information Science, 15 (4), 271–275.

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* Michael, D. (2008) Facility Location in Cities: The Optimal Location of Emergency Units within Cities. NOVA; The University of Newcastle Research Online, The University of Newcastle Australia, VDM Verlag Dr Muller Aktiengesellschaf, Uon, 5725

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* Nilsson P. (2014) Natural amenities in urban space—A geographically weighted regression approach. Landscape and Urban Planning.;121:45–54. 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.08.017

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* Rushton, G. (1979) Optimal Location of Facilities. Department of Geography, University of Iowa, Iowa

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* Taylor BT, Fernando P, Bauman AE, Williamson A, Craig JC, Redman S. (2011) Measuring the quality of public open space using Google Earth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine.;40(2):105–112. 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.10.024

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* Travland M, Raouf A, Shah T I (2017) An urban park information system using remote sensing and GIS techniques: A case study of Wakamow Valley, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Prairie Perspectives: Geographical Essays, 19: 28–34

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Revisions

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(% class="active" %)|(% style="width:68px" %)**0.1**|(% style="width:179px" %)Emily (EcoWise)|(% style="width:112px" %)25/01/2022|(% style="width:636px" %)Factsheet created

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