Changes for page 1.1.1 Annual Carbon Sequestration

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1	1	= 1.1.1 ANNUAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION =
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5	5	Topic
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7	7	Urban challenges
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9	9	Sub-challenges
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12	12	Climate
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14	14	1 - Climate issues
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16	16	1.1 Climate  mitigation
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22	22	====== **Description** ======
23	23	)))|(% style="width:730px" %)The annual carbon sequestration is a commonly used indicator of the global climate regulation ecosystem service of different vegetation types. The storing and sequestration of carbon (dioxide) can be quantified and monitored relatively easily, and enable spatial and temporal comparisons of the capacities of different nature-based solutions. The amount of sequestered carbon is directly proportional to biomass growth, for which a sort of biomass functions and equations are available in the fields of forestry and agricultural sciences (McPherson et al. 2016, USDA 2015). The carbon content is around 50% of the amount of biomass. This kind of knowledge is available mainly for trees which can be considered as good indicators of the whole ecosystem’s capacity in areas with lack of data (as they have an outstanding role in carbon sequestration and storage). Natural and management-related mortality of biomass (and life of products if relevant) should be considered to get a total carbon balance of the investigated NBS.
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	24	+====== **Type of indicator** ======
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	26	+Delete options which are not required:
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	28	+* Topic (e.g. **3:** environment)
	29	+* Urban challenge (e.g. **3.1**: air quality)
	30	+* sub-challenge (e.g. **3.1.1:** air quality at regional scale)
	31	+* Indicator (e.g.  **3.1.1.1:** CAQUI - common air quality indicator)
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25	25	===== **Scale as linked to D2.2 framework** =====
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27	27	* National
28	28	* City
29	29	* Neighborhood
30	30	* Street
31	31	* Household
32		-* Object
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35		-====== **Data source [ link to data framework]** ======
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37		-* measurement/monitoring
38		-* remote sensing in some cases
39		-)))
	45	+====== **Source [ link to data framework]** ======
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41	41	====== **Needs** ======
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43		-* measured data of biomass size (e.g. diameter at breast height (DBH), full height, trunk height, crown diameter of trees)
44		-* basic climatic data (average temperatures and sum of precipitation, length of vegetation period)
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47	47	====== **Expected Outputs** ======
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49		-* numerical value in units tC/ha/year
50		-* occasional or continuous measurement
51		-* graphic map
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54	54	====== **Calculation methods** ======
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56		-* Self-developed equations, e.g. in the case of trees:
57		-** Cbt+1 = Cbt + Kc[Gbt – Mst – Tt – Ht]
58		-** where: Cbt: carbon stored in living biomass at time ‘t’ (tC/ha) Gbt: biomass growth at time ‘t’ Tt: biomass turnover at time ‘t’ Mst: tree mortality due to senescence at time ‘t’ Ht: harvest at time t’
59		-** Gb = Kv * Ys
60		-** where: Kv: constant to convert volume yields into dry biomass (basic wood density, in tons of dry biomass per m3 of fresh stemwood volume Ys: the volume yield of stem wood (m3ha-1yr-1 )
61		-* ecosystem-specific proxies
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64	64	====== **Links and references** ======
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66		-* McPherson., G.E., van Doorn, N.S:, Peper, P.J., 2016. Urban Tree Database and Allometric Equations. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-253. USDA Forest Service, USA
67		-* Russo, A., Escobedo, F.J., Timilsina, N., Schmitt, A.O., Varela, S., Zerbe, S., 2014. Assessing urban tree carbon storage and sequestration in Bolzano, Italy, International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management 10:1, 54-70, doi:10.1080/21513732.2013.873822
68		-* USDA (2015). I-Tree Eco Manual. Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Website. [online] URL: http:~/~/www.itreetools.org/resources/manuals/Eco_Manual_ v5.pdf
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