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1 = 4.1.2 - LNIGHT - Night noise level =
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5 |=(% style="width: 79px;" %)Topic|=(% style="width: 139px;" %)Urban challenges|=(% style="width: 666px;" %)Sub-challenges
6 |(% style="width:79px" %)Social|(% style="width:139px" %)4 - Public Health and Well-Being|(% style="width:666px" %)4.1 - Acoustics
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10 ====== **Description** ======
11 )))|(% style="width:730px" %)The LNIGHT is an acoustic indicator for sound environment. LNIGHT is expressed in dB(A) because it is based on a combination of equivalent sound pressure levels Leq,T (energetic summation through logarithmic law), calculated with the A ponderation on night, depending on the sound source emission (i.e. road traffic conditions). The LNIGHT express the average sound pressure level over one night (Night period 22h-6h). This night can be chosen so that it is representative of a longer period — LNIGHT also occurs in the END (Environmental Noise Directive). If used in that context, a yearly average night time level is intended. This is the night time indicator defined in EU-directive 2002/49 and used by WHO (EEA, 2010).
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13 ===== **Scale as linked to D2.2 framework** =====
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15 * National
16 * City
17 * Neighborhood
18 * Street
19 * Household
20 * Object
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23 ====== **Data source [ link to data framework]** ======
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25 * Georeferenced data for built-up area: data from OPEN STREET MAP (OSM)
26 * Road traffic counts: data from district, city or regional agencies
27 * NBS data: qualitative information given by N4C consortium (when different scenarios will be available by other WPs and when additional functionalities will be integrated in numerical software)
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30 ====== **Needs** ======
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32 * Measured LNIGHT (in situ measurements): acoustic acquisition (in dB(A)) on hourly periods (with typically 1 sec sampling rate), gathered on night period
33 * Simulated LNIGHT (numerical predictions): acoustic simulation (in dB(A)) on hourly periods (depending on input data, e.g. road traffic characterization, built-up implementation through GIS, etc.), gathered on night period
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36 ====== **Expected Outputs** ======
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38 * Units: Decibels with A ponderation: “dB(A)”
39 * Quantitative
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42 ====== **Calculation methods** ======
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44 * Measured LNIGHT (in situ measurements):
45 * Simulated LNIGHT (numerical predictions): NMPB2008 or CNOSSOS-EU (see reference pdf document from UN/Ifsttar/LAE/BG)
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48 ====== **Links and references** ======
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50 * EEA (2010): Good practice guide on noise exposure and potential health effects. European Environmental Agency Technical Report, No 11/2010, Copenhagen.
51 * Anderson, L.M., B.E. Mulligan, et L.S. Goodman. 1984. « Effects of vegetation on human response to sound ». J. of Arboriculture 10 (2): 45‑49.
52 * Armon, R., et O. hanninen. 2015. Environmental Indicators. Springer.
53 * Aumond, Pierre, Arnaud Can, Bert De Coensel, Dick Botteldooren, Carlos Ribeiro, et Catherine Lavandier. 2017. « Modeling Soundscape Pleasantness Using perceptual Assessments and Acoustic Measurements Along Paths in Urban Context ». Acta Acustica united with Acustica 103 (3): 430‑43. doi:10.3813/AAA.919073.
54 * Axelsson, Östen, Mats E. Nilsson, et Birgitta Berglund. 2010. « A principal components model of soundscape perception ». The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128 (5): 2836‑46. doi:10.1121/1.3493436.
55 * Bowles, A., et B. Schulte-Fortkamp. 2008. « Noise as an indicator of quality of life: advances in measurement of noise and noise effects on humans and animals in the environment ». Acoustics Today 4 (2): 35‑49
56 * Brambilla, G., L. Maffei, M. Di Gabriele, et V. Gallo. 2013. « Merging physical parameters and laboratory subjective ratings for the soundscape assessment of urban squares ». J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 134 (1): 782‑90
57 * Brocolini, L., C. Lavandier, M. Quoy, et C. Ribeiro. 2013. « Measurement of acoustic environments for urban soundscapes: Choice of homogeneous periods, optimization of durations, and selection of indicators ». J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 134 (1): 813‑21
58 * Brooks, B.M., B. Schulte-Fortkamp, K.S. Voigt, et A.U. Case. 2014. « Exploring our sonic environment through soundscape research and theory ». Acoustics Today 10 (1): 30‑40
59 * Brown, L. 2012. « A review of progress in soundscapes and an approach to soundscape planning ». Int. J. of Acoustics and Vibration 17 (2): 73‑81
60 * Can, A. 2015. « Noise pollution indicators ». In Environmental indicators, Springer, 501‑13. Dordrecht, The Netherlands
61 * Can A. and Gauvreau B. 2015. « Describing and classifying urban sound environments with a relevant set of physical indicators ». The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 137 (1): 208‑18. doi:10.1121/1.4904555
62 * Can, A., G. Guillaume, et B. Gauvreau. 2015. « Noise Indicators to Diagnose Urban Sound Environments at Multiple Spatial Scales ». Acta Acustica united with Acustica 101 (5): 964‑74. doi:10.3813/AAA.918891
63 * Can, A., M. Rademaker, T. Van Renterghem, V. Mishra, M. Van Poppel, A. Touhafi, J. Theunis, B. De Baets, et D. Botteldooren. 2011. « Correlation analysis of noise and ultrafine particle counts in a street canyon ». Science of The Total Environment 409 (3): 564‑72. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.037
64 * Davies, William J., Mags D. Adams, Neil S. Bruce, Rebecca Cain, Angus Carlyle, Peter Cusack, Deborah A. Hall, et al. 2013. « Perception of soundscapes: An interdisciplinary approach ». Applied Soundscapes: Recent Advances in Soundscape Research 74 (2): 224‑31. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.05.010
65 * Galbrun, L., et F.M.A. Calarco. 2014. « Audio-visual interaction and perceptual assessment of water features used over road traffic noise ». J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 136 (5): 2609‑20
66 * Guillaume, G., B. Gauvreau, et P. L’Hermite. 2015. « Numerical study of the impact of vegetation coverings on sound levels and time decays in a canyon street model ». Science of The Total Environment 502 (Supplement C): 22‑30. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.111
67 * Jennings, P., et R. Cain. 2013. « A framework for improving urban soundscapes ». Appl. Acoust. 74: 293‑99
68 * Lavandier, C., et B. Defreville. 2006. « The Contribution of Sound Source Characteristics in the Assessment of Urban Soundscapes ». Acta Acustica United with Acustica 92 (6): 912‑21
69 * Li, H., C. Chau, et S. Tang. 2010. « Can surrounding greenery reduce noise annoyance at home ? » Science of the Total Environment 408: 4376‑84
70 * Liu, J., J. Kang, T. Luo, H. Behm, et T. Coppack. 2013. « Spatiotemporal variability of soundscapes in a multiple functional urban area ». Landscape and Urban Planning 115: 1‑9.
71 * Marquis-Favre, C., E. Premat, et D. Aubrée. 2005. « Noise and its Effects – A Review on Qualitative Aspects of Sound. Part II: Noise and Annoyance ». Acta Acustica united with Acustica 91 (4): 626‑42.
72 * Marquis-Favre, C., E. Premat, D. Aubrée, et M. Vallet. 2005. « Noise and its Effects – A Review on Qualitative Aspects of Sound. Part I: Notions and Acoustic Ratings ». Acta Acustica united with Acustica 91 (4): 613‑25
73 * Miedema, Henk M. E. 2004. « Relationship between exposure to multiple noise sources and noise annoyance ». The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116 (2): 949‑57. doi:10.1121/1.1766305
74 * Raimbault, M., et D. Dubois. 2005. « Urban soundscapes: Experiences and knowledge ». Cities 22 (5): 339‑50
75 * Rychtarikova, M., et G. Vermeir. 2013. « Soundscape categorization on the basis of objective acoustical parameters ». Appl. Acoust. 74: 240‑47
76 * Torija, A.J., et I.H. Flindell. 2014. « Differences in subjective loudness and annoyance depending on the road traffic noise spectrum ». J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 135 (1): 1‑4
77 * Torija, A.J., et D.P. Ruiz. 2015. « A general procedure to generate models for urban environmental-noise pollution using feature selection and machine learning methods ». Science of the Total Environment 505: 680‑93
78 * Torija, A.J., D.P. Ruiz, et A.F. Ramos-Ridao. 2013. « Application of a methodology for categorizing and differentiating urban soundscapes using acoustical descriptors and semantic-differential attributes ». J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 134 (1): 791‑802
79 * Van Renterghem, T., J. Forssén, K. Attenborough, P. Jean, J. Defrance, M. Hornikx, et J. Kang. 2015. « Using natural means to reduce surface transport noise during propagation outdoors ». Appl. Acoust. 92: 86‑101
80 * Viollon, S., C. Lavandier, et C. Drake. 2002. « Influence of Visual Setting on Sound Ratings in an Urban Environment ». Appl. Acoust. 63 (5): 493‑511. doi:10.1016/S0003-682X(01)00053-6
81 * Watts, G., L. Chinn, et N. Godfrey. 1999. « The effects of vegetation on the perception of traffic noise ». Appl. Acoust. 56 (1): 39‑56.
82 * Wilson, D.K., N. Wayant, E.T. Nykaza, C.L. Pettit, et C.M. Armstrong. 2015. « Hierarchical modeling approach to community noise annoyance ». J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 138 (3): 1731‑1731
83 * Yang, F., Z. Bao, et Z. Zhu. 2011. « An assessment of psychological noise reduction by landscape plants ». Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 8: 1032‑48
84 * Yu, L., et J. Kang. 2010. « Factors influencing the sound preference in urban open space ». Appl. Acoust. 71: 622‑33
85 * Zhang, B., L. Shi, et G. Di. 2003. « The influence of the visibility of the source on the subjective annoyance due to its noise ». Appl. Acoust. 64 (4): 1205‑15
86 * see additional biblio references in pdf document from UN/Ifsttar/LAE/BG
87 ** http:~/~/noise-planet.org/noisecapture.html
88 ** http:~/~/noise-planet.org/noisemodelling.html
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