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Last modified by Hyunji Cho on 2022/05/23 12:37
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1 = 2.3.2 Concentration of particulate matter =
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4 ====== **Description** ======
5 )))|Concentration of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and ground-level O3 (µg/m3) in ambient air
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7 ====== **Scale as linked to D2.2 framework** ======
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9 * National
10 * City
11 * Neighborhood
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14 ====== **Data source [ link to data framework]** ======
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16 * air quality monitoring stations
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19 ====== **Data needs** ======
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21 * Atmospheric Pollutant measurement data
22 * A yearly monitoring is recommended, since some particles show a seasonal periodicity and shorter campaigns could not permit a proper quantification. For example, pollen particles, which can be encompassed in the PM1O size range, are abundant in spring and wildfires are mostly concentrated during summer.
23 * The deposition rate of the particles (e.g., speed of their removal from the atmosphere) is proportional to their size, so the monitoring should be with higher spatial resolution as much as the size of the particles of interest increase.
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25 Pollutant measurement data
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28 ====== **Expected Outputs** ======
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30 * Continuous measurements with hourly, daily, monthly, and yearly averages
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33 ====== **Calculation methods** ======
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35 * Air pollution concentrations can be estimated based on measured and/or modelled concentrations in ambient air (O3, NOx, VOC, PM10 and PM2.5) near the NBS intervention area. Data can be retrieved from air quality monitoring stations or from measured values during experimental campaigns. Data can also be estimated by applying air quality models, such as the WRF-Chem model (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA], n.d.), which estimates 3D concentration fields with an hourly resolution at the grid, neighbourhood or city scale.
36 * **Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentration:** Particulate matter is measured using an air sampler that draws ambient air at a constant flow rate through a specially shaped inlet onto a filter that is weighed periodically to measure the accumulated particle load. The inlet defines the particle size cut-off (2.5 or 10 µm). A stationary measuring station is placed in a representative traffic, urban, industrial or rural location and continuous measurement of particulate matter using standardized air sampler equipment is undertaken. Daily averages are averaged over a year to reach a yearly average, which acts as the indicator (ISO, 2018).
37 * **Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration: **To quantify nitrogen dioxide, a stationary measuring station is placed in a representative traffic, urban, industrial or rural location and continuous measurement of nitrogen dioxide using standardized equipment is undertaken. An average of hourly averages is used to calculate a daily average and daily averages to calculate a yearly average, which acts as the indicator (ISO, 2018).
38 * **Ground-level ozone (O3) concentration: **A stationary measuring station is placed in a representative traffic, urban, industrial or rural location and continuous measurement of ozone using standardized equipment is undertaken. The convention for ozone measurement is to calculate a daily maximum 8-hour mean, which acts as the indicator (ISO, 2018).
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41 ====== **Links and references** ======
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43 * Costa, S., Ferreira, J., Silveira, C., Costa, C., Lopes, D., Relvas, H., … Teixeira, J.P. (2014). Integrating Health on Air Quality Assessment - Review Report on Health Risks of Two Major European Outdoor Air Pollutants: PM and NO2. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part B Critical Reviews, 17(6), 307-340.
44 * European Environment Agency. (2018b). Air quality in Europe – 2018 report. EEA Report No. 12/2018. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Retrieved from https:~/~/www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in europe-2018
45 * Health Effects Institute (HEI). (2018). State of Global Air 2018. Special Report. Boston, MA: Health Effects Institute.
46 * International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2018). Sustainable cities and communities — Indicators for city services and quality of life (ISO 37120:2018). Available from https:~/~/www.iso.org/standard/68498.html
47 * Miranda, A.I., Martins, H., Valente, J., Amorim, J.H., Borrego, C., Tavares, R., … Alonso, R. (2017). Case Studies: modeling the atmospheric benefits of urban greening, In D. Pearlmutter, C. Calfapietra, R. Samson, L. O'Brien,S. Ostoic, G. Sanesi, R. Alonso (Eds.), The Urban Forest. Cultivating Green Infrastructures for People and the Environment (pp. 89-99). New York: Springer International Publishing.
48 * National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (n.d.). Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry (WRF-Chem). Retrieved from https:~/~/ruc.noaa.gov/wrf/wrf-chem/
49 * World Health Organization (WHO). (2016). Ambient air pollution: A global assessment of exposure and burden of disease. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https:~/~/www.who.int/phe/publications/air-pollution-global assessment/en/
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52 Revisions
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54 |**Version**|**Name**|**Date**|**Changes made**
55 |**0.1**|Emily (EcoWise)|19/01/2022|Factsheet created
56 | |Hyunji (EcoWise)|28/02/2022|Factsheet duplicated
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